SOLID PV. Metrology supporting large-scale deployment of efficient and resilient photovoltaic systems

This project addresses a critical challenge in the solar industry: the lack of reliable methods to quantify and reduce measurement uncertainty in key performance indicators of photovoltaic (PV) systems. As solar deployment accelerates under Europe’s Green Deal, reducing these uncertainties becomes essential to ensure confidence in system design, operation, and investment. The project aims to improve the accuracy of two core metrics—Performance Ratio (PR) and Performance Loss Rate (PLR)—by developing new calibration tools, metrology standards, and uncertainty models. By building a network of scientifically calibrated PV reference systems and digital twins, the project will provide traceable, high-accuracy data to better understand system behaviour and performance over time.

Ultimately, the project will deliver harmonised methods, sensor classification standards, and best practices for monitoring various PV system configurations, including bifacial modules and single-axis trackers. These outcomes will support the solar sector in reducing financial risk, improving system reliability, and enabling informed decision-making across the entire value chain. The tools and knowledge developed will be instrumental for instrument manufacturers, calibration labs, and standards bodies, helping to drive innovation and maintain Europe’s leadership in clean energy technologies.

CENER´s main role is focused on creating a comprehensive approach to accurately measure, characterise and understand the performance loss rate (PLR) of PV systems over time. PLR is a crucial indicator of a PV system’s long-term performance and economic viability. Understanding them is essential for optimising system design, maintenance, and for an accurate lifetime energy yield estimation. To achieve this goal, CENER will develop standardised and validated methods that combine multiple data sources and testing techniques.